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Magdeburg-class cruiser
The ''Magdeburg'' class of light cruisers was a group of four ships built for the German ''Kaiserliche Marine'' (Imperial Navy). The class comprised , the lead ship, , , and . All four ships were laid down in 1910 and were completed by the end of 1912. They were armed with a main battery of twelve 10.5 cm guns, though over the course of their careers, ''Breslau'', ''Strassburg'', and ''Stralsund'' were rearmed with more powerful 15 cm guns. They displaced at full load and were rated at a top speed of , though all four vessels exceeded that figure on trials.
''Magdeburg'' was used as a torpedo test ship before the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, after which she was assigned to the Baltic. She conducted a series of raids on Russian positions culminating in a sweep into the Gulf of Finland that resulted in her grounding off the Estonian coast. Russian cruisers seized the stranded ship and captured code books; they gave one copy to the British Royal Navy, which used it to great advantage. ''Breslau'' was assigned to the ''Mittelmeerdivision'' with the battlecruiser in 1912 and remained in the Mediterranean until the outbreak of war. After evading British warships, the two vessels reached Constantinople, where they were transferred to the Ottoman Navy. She operated primarily in the Black Sea against the Russian Navy, but in January 1918 she ventured into the Mediterranean and was mined and sunk after the Battle of Imbros.
''Strassburg'' and ''Stralsund'' served with the High Seas Fleet in the North Sea against the British. They saw action at the Battle of Heligoland Bight in August 1914 and served in the reconnaissance screen for the battlecruisers of the I Scouting Group on several bombardments of the British coast in 1914–1915. ''Stralsund'' was also present at the Battle of Dogger Bank, but was not heavily engaged. ''Strassburg'' saw action during Operation Albion against the Russians in the Baltic. Both ships were surrendered to the Allies after the end of the war; ''Strassburg'' was ceded to Italy and renamed ''Taranto''; she served with the Italian Navy until 1943, when she was scuttled after the Italian surrender. She was raised by the Germans and sunk by Allied bombers twice in 1943–1944, and finally scrapped in 1946–1947. ''Stralsund'' was given to France and renamed ''Mulhouse''. She served only until 1925, when she was placed in reserve. She was ultimately broken up in 1935.
==Design==
The design for the ships of the ''Magdeburg'' class was prepared in 1908–1909.〔 The design incorporated a number of innovations, including a new longitudinal frame system in the hull, the development of which delayed construction by three to four years.〔 The hull form was also redesigned to improve efficiency, and a new clipper bow was used instead of the old cruiser ram bow. They were the first German light cruisers to incorporate an armored belt at the waterline;〔Miller, p. 218〕 this increased the strength of the hull and became standard practice in warship construction for decades. The quarterdeck was cut down to provide a location to drop mines. All of these features became standard for subsequent German cruiser designs.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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